Microcontrollers

A microcontroller is a tiny computer on a chip. It has a processor, memory, timers, and input/output pins for controlling devices.

Concept illustration. Check the component datasheet before wiring.

Try it yourself

Change an input.
See what follows.

A simplified learning model. Values describe the model, not a connected robot.

Loop period (ms)

A microcontroller is a tiny computer on a chip. It has a processor, memory, timers, and input/output pins for controlling devices.

Concept illustration; component appearance and scale are simplified.

Key idea

A microcontroller combines CPU, memory, timers, ADC, communication blocks, and GPIO in one chip.

Use in robot

It runs one loop repeatedly: read inputs, update decisions, drive outputs, and repeat.

Safe wiring

GPIO pins are logic pins, not power outputs for motors or servos.

Classroom check

Map each robot part to a microcontroller feature: ADC for IR, UART for Bluetooth, PWM for motors.

Compare current controllers and sensing options before adapting a Nano circuit. Match voltage, interfaces, and timing.

Explore real robotics applications, from mobile robots to inspection and joint motion. Define a measurable target and test one change at a time.