A differential drive robot steers by changing the speed and direction of the left and right wheels. Equal speeds move straight, different speeds curve, and opposite directions spin in place.
Concept illustration. Check the component datasheet before wiring.
Try it yourself
Change an input. See what follows.
A simplified learning model. Values describe the model, not a connected robot.
Working Principle
A differential drive robot steers by changing the speed and direction of the left and right wheels. Equal speeds move straight, different speeds curve, and opposite directions spin in place.
Step by Step
Left and right wheels are driven independently.
Same speed means straight motion.
One wheel faster makes a curve.
Opposite directions make a spin turn.
Concept illustration; component appearance and scale are simplified.
Practical learning notes
Key idea
Differential drive uses two independently controlled wheels. Equal speed moves straight; different speeds create turns.
Use in robot
Small errors in motor speed or wheel diameter make the robot drift, so students must test and trim speeds.
Safe wiring
Both motors must share the same driver ground and battery negative with Arduino ground.
Classroom check
Mark a straight line and tune left/right PWM until the robot tracks straight for one meter.
robodatech.