A DC motor spins when current flows through coils inside a magnetic field. Reversing polarity reverses direction. Changing voltage or PWM duty cycle changes speed.
Concept illustration. Check the component datasheet before wiring.
Try it yourself
Change an input. See what follows.
A simplified learning model. Values describe the model, not a connected robot.
Working Principle
A DC motor spins when current flows through coils inside a magnetic field. Reversing polarity reverses direction. Changing voltage or PWM duty cycle changes speed.
Step by Step
Battery supplies electrical energy.
Current creates a magnetic field in the coil.
Magnetic force turns the shaft.
A driver circuit controls direction and speed.
Concept illustration; component appearance and scale are simplified.
Practical learning notes
Key idea
A DC motor speed changes with voltage and load. Direction changes when current through the motor is reversed.
Use in robot
Arduino Nano cannot drive BO motors directly. Use L293D or another motor driver to switch motor current.
Safe wiring
Expect higher stall current when a wheel is blocked. Test with wheels lifted and avoid holding a stalled motor.
Classroom check
Run PWM values 80, 150, and 220 and observe that speed is not perfectly linear because friction and load matter.
robodatech.